Blastopore formation of scypha3/21/2023 ![]() (ii) The four classes under kingdom fungi are Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. (i) Members of Kingdom Fungi show a great diversity in structures and habitat with saprophytic in their mode of nutrition. (iv) The Protozoa are animal-like protists and the term 'protozoa' was coined by Georg August Goldfuss. (iii) Euglena forms a connecting link between animals and plants. ![]() (ii) Protists have defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. (i) Kingdom Protista includes all single-celled eukaryotes such as Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime moulds and Protozoans. (vii) Endospores are asexual and highly resistant structures found in Gram-positive bacteria. (vi) Bacteria are differentiated into Gram-positive and Gram-negative on the basis of Gram staining. In these prokaryotes, the central region of a cell is occupied by genetic material consisting of aggregated DNA called nucleoid. (v) Two major groups of Monerans are represented by Eubacteria and Cyanobacteria. (iv) Kingdom Monera includes those organisms which do not possess true nuclei. (iii) Bacteria may be autotrophic or heterotrophic in their mode of nutrition. (ii) Bacteria are cosmopolitan in distribution and show the most extensive metabolic diversity. (i) In the five kingdom classification, bacteria are included in Kingdom Monera. (viii) Woese, Kandler and Wheelis divided living organisms into three major groups called domains above kingdom level: Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea. (vii) The most recent classification of the living world is the six kingdom system proposed by Carl Woese, O. (vi) The main criteria of the five kingdom classification were cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition and reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships. Whittaker (1969) proposed five kingdom classification- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. (iv) The classification based on evolutionary sequence and the genetic relationships among the organisms is termed phylogenetic system. (iii) The Linnaean system of classification of plants on the basis of number and arrangement of stamens is artificial. (ii) Carolus Linnaeus later classified all living organisms into two kingdoms- Plantae and Animalia. (i) The biological classification of plants and animals was first proposed by Aristotle on the basis of simple morphological characters. ![]() Introduction to Biological Classification: ![]()
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